A comparative analysis of Johannesburg, Cape Town, and Nelson Mandela Bay municipalities by Crispian Olver examines electoral, governance and socio-economic data in relation to the performance of these municipalities. He concludes that “… periods of political instability and factionalism have corresponded to decline in service delivery performance, citizen satisfaction, governance and financial sustainability”; and that “while city governance has economic effects, there are broader structural dynamics and demographic patterns which are beyond the control of cities”. Consequently, city governance needs support to overcome the interplay between the impact of political instability on administrative performance as well as factors over which they have no influence.
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